悬浮种衣剂生产中对环境影响的研究

通过对悬浮种衣剂不同程度毒性的原药和各种助剂的筛选、生产中废水处理和周围土壤有效保护等方面的研究,提出采用物理、化学和生物等方法,进行预防和消除悬浮种衣剂生产中存在对环境不利的安全隐患和危害人们生活和健康的因素。但操作不当和预防意识弱,会给接触者带来身体健康的危害,采取相应的预防措施,能消除危害隐患,使接触者的身体健康得到保障。指出有效助剂不仅能稳定悬浮种衣剂的悬浮度,还能起到增加剂型药效和环境保护的作用,研究表明悬浮种衣剂是环境友好型农药制剂。     

水溶性有机物对土壤中菲的生态毒性影响

采用生物培养和物理化学试验,研究了水溶性有机物(DOM)对土壤中phe生态毒性的影响.结果表明,本研究所用DOM均具有表面活性;小麦根phe毒害的敏感区间为0～200mg/kg,200mg/kg是土壤中phe的50%小麦根伸长抑制率浓度.DOM的存在会降低phe的生态毒性,但是降低程度与其疏水性馏分含量和表面活性有关,且phe生态毒性的降低程度随DOM浓度的增大而增大.本研究的结果说明DOM能减轻土壤中phe的生态毒性.     

Transesterification of Caesalpinia eriostachys seed oil using heterogeneous and homogeneous basic catalysts

Caesalpinea eriostachys seed oil, as a source of triglycerides with potential application for biodiesel production in Mexico is introduced. Its lipid profile obtained by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed saturated and unsaturated glycerol esters as the constituents. Therefore, heterogeneous and homogeneous catalyzed transesterification reactions were assayed employing ZnAl hydrotalcites and KOH, as the catalysts, respectively. The transesterification reactions yielded 59% for Zn/Al(2), 79% for Zn/Al(4), and 90% for KOH, depicting typical behavior, as in biodiesel production data from literature, where Zn-Al hydrotalcites or KOH were assayed. The caloric, density, viscosity values, and fatty acid methyl esters profile from reaction products were concordant to EN 14214, suggesting C. eriostachys as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production.     

土霉素对小麦种子发芽与幼苗生长发育的生态毒性

研究了土霉素对小麦种子发芽以及早期幼苗生长发育的生态毒性效应.结果表明,土霉素对小麦种子芽长及根长的抑制效应显著(p<0.01),而且它们之间具有良好的剂量-效应关系.根据线性回归方程得出土霉素对小麦种子芽长和根长的半抑制浓度为65.5 mg/L和34.7 mg/L.然而,土霉素对小麦种子的发芽率并没有显著的影响.研究还表明,0.15~2.4 mg/L土霉素暴露21 d后,小麦叶片中的叶绿素含量降低了35.6%~47.3%,叶片及根部的可溶性蛋白含量也均呈显著下降趋势.暴露7 d后,0.15~2.4 mg/L土霉素对小麦叶片和根部SOD与POD活性的抑制效应不显著,但随着暴露时间的延长,土霉素对小麦的SOD与POD酶活性抑制率显著下降;2.4 mg/L土霉素暴露21 d后,小麦根部的SOD活性下降72.3%,说明土霉素对小麦幼苗体内的抗氧化系统具有破坏作用.该实验结果显示,低浓度土霉素长期暴露对小麦幼苗的生长发育具有不良的生态毒性效应.     

Halopriming imparts tolerance to salt and PEG induced drought stress in sugarcane

Sugarcane, a glycophyte grown in the tropical and subtropical regions, is frequently subjected to soil salinity, affecting the yield and quality of the harvest. The ameliorative efficiency of salt priming on emergence and plantlet growth was examined in sugarcane cultivars which are known to vary in salt tolerance under field conditions. Salt priming with NaCl (100 mM) improved both the percent and rate of germination of the sets of the tolerant (Co 62175) and moderately tolerant (CoM 265) varieties compared to sensitive (CoC 671) and test variety (Co 86032). Salt priming during germination also improved the growth performance of two-month-old sugarcane plants in terms of shoot length, shoot and root fresh weight when subjected to 15 day iso-osmotic (−0.7 MPa) NaCl (150 mM) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000; 20%, w/v) stress. The primed plants exhibited lower salt- and dehydration-induced leaf senescence. The results suggest salt priming as an efficient approach for imparting abiotic stress tolerance in sugarcane.     

垃圾渗滤液对黑麦草和高羊茅种子萌发的影响

为了解垃圾渗滤液作培养液时草本植物种子萌发的情况。以黑麦草和高羊茅两种草本植物种子为研究材料,分别研究了垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理站的渗滤液原液、渗滤液生物处理出水以及渗滤液最终出水在6个不同配比的稀释溶液(V渗滤液/V蒸馏水=1/0,3/1,1/1,1/2,1/3,1/4)下对这两种种子萌发的影响。结果显示:随着渗滤液稀释强度的降低,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均增加,V渗滤液/V蒸馏水为1/3时,种子发芽率均为最高,黑麦草种子发芽率达96%,高羊茅种子发芽率达79%。用渗滤液作培养液时,更有利于黑麦草种子的萌发;用最终出水作培养液时,更有利于种子的萌发。这两种不同的渗滤液,在不同配比的稀释浓度下对种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等均具有显著的生理作用。     

Effect of seed sludge on characteristics and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated by using different kinds of seed sludge in sequencing batch airlift reactor.The influence of seed sludge on physical and chemical properties of granular sludge was studied;the microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that seed sludge played an important role on the formation of aerobic granules.Seed sludge taken from beer wastewater treatment plant(inoculum A) was more suitable for cultivating aerobic granules than that of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant(inoculum B).Cultivated with inoculum A, large amount of mature granules formed after 35 days operation, its SVI reached 32.75 mL/g, and SOUR of granular sludge was beyond 1.10 mg/(g·min).By contrast, it needed 56 days obtaining mature granules using inoculum B.DGGE profiles indicated that the dominant microbial species in mature granules were 18 and 11 OTU when inoculum A and B were respectively employed as seed sludge.The sequencing results suggested that dominant species in mature granules cultivated by inoculum A were Paracoccus sp., Devosia hwasunensi, Pseudoxanthomonas sp., while the dominant species were Lactococcus raffinolactis and Pseudomonas sp.in granules developed from inoculum B.     

Distribution characteristics of dinoflagellate cysts in the Yantian Port,Shenzhen, China北大核心CSCD

An annual quarterly survey of six stations in Yantian Port, Shenzhen, China was conducted from January 2020 to October 2020 to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the surface sediment of Yantian Port. In total, 36 species representing five groups and two uncertain taxa were identified. The dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoidea, Alexandrium spp., Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium spp., and Lingulodinium polyedrum. The seasonal difference was not obvious in terms of temporal distribution. The number of species ranged from 32 to 36, and the abundance varied from 297 to 996 cysts/g. The annual average values of the diversity index, richness index, and evenness index were 3.65, 1.55, and 0.93, respectively. The annual number and abundance of heterotrophic species were higher than those of autotrophic species. The number and abundance of species at stations near the dock zone were lower than those near the adjacent area. Notably, six toxic dinoflagellate cysts were found in the surface sediment of Yantian Port, indicating a potential outbreak risk for their vegetative cells in the local coastal area. This study provides a picture of the “Seed Bank” of dinoflagellates near Yantian Port, Shenzhen, and provides a reference value for predicting the occurrence of algal blooms. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Removal of arsenic in tailings by soil flushing and the remediation process monitoring

In order to investigate the optimum conditions for the application of soil flushing of arsenic, a batch test was carried out using EDTA at various concentration and pH levels. Based on the optimum condition derived from the batch test, a column test was conducted to examine the feasibility of the soil-flushing technology under field-equivalent conditions. In this column test, a low flushing solution flow rate showed a significantly higher As removal efficiency (71.6%) than a high flow rate (56.3%). TCLP (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure) and a seed germination test were carried out to monitor the toxicity both during and after the treatment. The finally treated tailings were shown to be significantly remediated, having a reduced toxicity by both the TCLP and seed germination tests.